Calcium is regulated by several things: vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium and deposit it in the bones, calcitonin, which enhances the ability of the bones to store calcium by transferring calcium from the blood to the bones and inhibiting release, parathyroid hormone, which regulates the transfer of calcium from the bones to the blood, estrogens which help retain calcium in the bones, and thyroid and growth hormones. In the absence of vitamin D less than 10% of dietary calcium may be absorbed.Lead absorption is blocked by calcium in the intestines. Boron supplementation may reduce the excretion of calcium. Aluminum containing antacids can inhibit calcium absorption. Excessive calcium can interfere with the absorption of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc.Calcium helps in the absorption of vitamin B12.Calcium and magnesium and calcium and potassium are related in that high levels of one can produce low levels of the other. Excessive potassium can lower calcium levels.Calcium and phosphorus work together to form healthy bones and teeth. If your phosphorus intake is too high your body excretes the extra phosphorus and calcium along with it.Large quantities of fat, oxalic acid, (which is found in chocolate,rhubarb and many dark green leafy vegetables) and phytic acid, which is found in grains can prevent calcium absorption. Large quantities of sucrose can enhance calcium excretion.Vitamins A and C enhance the transport of calcium through cell membranes. Vitamin B6 may enhance calcium function. High protein diets can increase calcium excretion.The contraceptive pill, anti-epileptic drugs, diuretic drugs, corticosteroid drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and IBD and some antidepressants can lead to deficiency as can smoking, malabsorption due to lactose intolerance and absorption disorders such as celiac disease.Calcium decreases the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics, iron and aspirin if taken at the same time.Caffeine and carbonated drinks can lead to calcium losses thus contributing to high blood pressure.
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